Select reinforcers to pair with the target skill or behavior

Reinforcement helps to increase the likelihood that a targeted behavior or skill will reoccur once the reinforcer is paired with the desired outcome (see the Reinforcement Learning Module). For toddlers, reinforcers may consist of the child’s favorite toy, snack, or activity. When selecting a reinforcer, it is important to include parents whenever possible to help choose items that can be used in multiple settings (i.e., home, daycare center). Additionally, several items should be identified in the event that one item loses its’ effectiveness as a reiforcer or the toddler demonstrates a shorter than normal attention span with desired items (Rush, Mortenson, & Birch, 2010).

a) Identify highly motivating positive reinforcers

Ask the parent to help you identify favorite toys, activities, food, etc. that would be highly motivating as a reinforcer. If there is some uncertainty, the provider may need to conduct a brief preference assessment to determine what are some highly preferred items a child might select. At least two items should be identified to be used as positive reinforcment.

Th following video gives an example of a provider conducting a preference assessment:

b) Select several items, activities that are highly modivating for the toddler to use as positive reinforcers during skill acquisition

You may find that one reinforcer works quite well all the time; however, often when one reinforcer is used repeatedly the toddler becomes satiated and no longer motivated by its use.  Having the second reinforcer identified and available may save time and not interrupt the flow of skill acquisition.

Refer to the Reinforcement Module for additional information.